John:
I don't know what's underneath the mainsheet block swivel mounting area, but would assume that it's been reinforced with a backing plate of metal or wood. I'm sure someone will let us know.
I have recently put in cam cleats on the top of the trunk for the jib sheets. I was concerned about how sturdy it would (not) be to simply screw the cleats onto the centerboard trunk, so, after sanding off the gelcoat in that area, I mounted a block of mahogany that had been shaped underneath to match the curvature of the housing top:
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This gave me something to sink the cleat mounting screws into.
In drilling the holes for this mounting block I was surprised to see how thin the trunk is at the top - maybe 1/4" max (didn't measure it.) So I mounted the wood with screws JUST long enough to hold, maybe going through the glass by 1/8", to help position the wood for a thorough epoxy job.
In retrospect I probably should have put in a backing plate of wood or maybe epoxied in some washers underneath, then bolted the wood on. The centerboard rarely if ever goes up that far into the trunk, so I didn't worry too much about extending down into the trunk a tiny bit.
This mounting has held really well after a couple of sails - the cleats feel really solid.
However, if you're mounting a cleat on the side for the vang (I thought of that, too) you do need to think about what's happening inside for centerboard clearance. One way to mount something might be to epoxy on a larger piece of wood (maybe 4"x5"x3/4") first to really grip the side of the trunk - then screw in your cleat.
Maybe someone else with a deeper understanding of the structural properties of fg could chime in. Please let us know what you find under the mainsheet swivel block, and how you mount that. I'm looking to replace mine sometime in the future.
Carlos